Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 8

Project Management - Essay Example Literature has suggested a number of benefits which can be achieved by outsourcing the payroll system. Majorly, it is considered to outsource in order to achieve the cost reduction benefits, where the exceptional contractor’s performance and its low-cost structure can reduce the cost directly, as well as it converted the fixed cost into the variable costs and also by lowering the in-house staff (Seth & Sethi, 2011). Other indirect benefits resulting in the cost reductions are increasing efficiency by more focus on main business operations, employee retention with specialized programs designed strategically by vendor, bettered the risk management, and also minimizing the firm’s politics (Turnbull, 2002; Rubery, Cooke, Marchington, & Earnshaw, 2003). The outsourcing Payroll system has some other benefits resulting in revenue enhancements. The direct revenue enhancement occurs through more cash generation and savings, which is achieved by transferring the assets needed to manage payroll towards the vendor, so it lowers the investment and make the resources available for further purposes (Seth & Sethi, 2011). While it also increases the revenues indirectly by improving customer services and satisfaction resulting in increased sales, gaining more contacts through vendor PR, speeding up, expansion, legal compliance and also by accessing the advanced technology through vendors’ specialized services (Adler, 2003). On the other hand, there is little evidence found in literature to realize these benefits. As (Dickmann & Tyson, 2005) has argued that there are more costs incurred while outsourcing the payroll system due to more transaction costs. Additionally, according to (Mellewigt, Madhok, & Weibel, 2007), there is an ethical is sue of payroll outsourcing, which is the critical employee’ information security breaches. Moreover, the lower control over HR functions,

Learning organisations Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Learning organisations - Literature review Example 1999, p.131). The ability of a learning organization to manage knowledge has two different dimensions: the internationalisation and the externalisation of knowledge (Salisbury 2008, p.56). Characteristics Learning is a key capability for a learning organization. Organizational learning is often differentiated from learning as an activity performed by an individual. Using the pragmatic approach for explain the organizational learning it could be noted that learning in the context of organization is ‘a continuous cycle of generating information, of integrating it in the organization, of interpreting it and on taking necessary action’ (Dixon 1994, in Easterby et al. 1999, p.149). In order for learning to be effective and proactive in the context of organization, it needs to be developed towards two different directions; employees should be able and willing to learn following the guidelines of the manager; the organization should be also capable of learning, having incorpora ted the necessary mechanisms that support the promotion of learning and innovation across the organization (Martin 2005, p.186). ... 2002, p.28) being differentiated from learning organization as an autonomous centre of organizational activities. Learning Capacity of organizations The ability of an organization to learn is affected by its structure and its resources; these elements are likely to influence the organization’s learning capacity, which has been defined as ‘its ability to learn individually and as a collective unit’ (Easterby et al. 1999, p.149). The level of organizations’ learning capacity sets the limits of their potential for growth through learning. Apart from the above criterion, the potentials of a learning organization are depended on the organizational culture; in fact, organizational culture and structure are two key prerequisites of organizational learning (Easterby et al. 1999, p.149). The learning capacity of learning organizations is high; in fact, these organizations are based on the promotion of learning in their internal and external environment; because of t heir high learning capacity, learning organizations are more able to establish a series of advanced technologies and schemes, as for example, ‘benchmarking, reward systems for their employees and outsourcing’ (Saxena et al. 2010, p.44). Internal and external mechanisms In accordance with the book The Fifth Discipline – where the concept of learning organization is extensively analyzed – there are five technologies that highly support learning within organizations: ‘systems thinking, personal mastery, mental models, a shared vision and team learning’ (Koontz et al. 2006, p.277). These technologies are not necessarily present in all learning organizations; however, in case they are developed within a particular